We also have the very rare BLUE variety. Please see last 2 scans. You are viewing one of the rarest, most historic Gold Bonds of China. It is 100% issued, uncancelled and unredeemed. 1919 was the year of the famous “May Fourth” movement in China! The bond is hand signed by the Chinese Ambassador to the U. As well as the Secretary of the Continental & Commercial Trust & Savings Bank. It was originally due in 1921 but it was extended in 1937. All but 4 of the original extended interest coupons are attached (only 2 years of interest were paid). There is also a full sheet of large scrip certificates signed by the Chinese Minister of Finance. Beautifully engraved by the American Bank Note Co. This is known as the “Pagoda” bond due to the magnificently detailed pagoda vignette at the top. There is one minor edge split at the very bottom, otherwise Choice Extra Fine. 3 Sovereigns and 5 Emperors. Spring and Autumn period. Southern and Northern Dynasties. 5 Dynasties and 10 Kingdoms. People’s Republic of China. Republic of China on Taiwan. Timeline of Chinese history. Dynasties in Chinese history. Science and technology history. Students in Beijing rallied during the May Fourth Movement. The May Fourth Movement traditional Chinese. Was an anti- imperialist. Cultural, and political movement growing out of student demonstrations in Beijing on May 4, 1919, protesting the Chinese government’s weak response to the Treaty of Versailles. Especially allowing Japan to retain territories in Shandong. Which had been surrendered by Germany. After the Siege of Tsingtao. These demonstrations sparked national protests and marked the upsurge of Chinese nationalism. A shift towards political mobilization and away from cultural activities, and a move towards a populist base rather than intellectual elites. Many political and social leaders of the next decades emerged at this time. “The atmosphere and political mood that emerged around 1919, ” in the words of one recent scholar, are at the centre of a set of ideas that has shaped China’s momentous twentieth century. Following the Xinhai Revolution. In 1911, the Qing Dynasty. This marked the end of thousands of years of powerful imperial rule, and theoretically ushered a new era in which political power rested with the people. However, the reality was that China was a fragmented nation dominated by warlords. Who were more concerned with their own political powers and private armies than national interests. The Chinese Beiyang government. Was occupied with suppressing internal affairs, and did little to counter the influence exerted by foreign powers. The March 1st movement that happened in Korea (1919), the Russian revolution (1917), defeats by foreign powers and the presence of spheres of influence. Inflamed a sense of nationalism among the emerging middle class and cultural leaders. Leaders of the New Culture Movement. Believed that traditional Confucian values were responsible for the political weakness of the nation. Chinese nationalists called for a rejection of traditional values and the selective adoption of Western ideals of science and democracy in order to strengthen the new nation. These iconoclastic and anti-traditional views and programs have shaped China’s politics and culture down to the present. Main article: Shandong Problem. China had entered World War I on the side of the Allied Triple Entente. In 1917 with the condition that all German. Spheres of influence, such as Shandong. The Chinese Labour Corps. Were sent to France. Of April 1919 awarded German rights in Shandong Province. The representatives of the Chinese government put forth the following requests. The abolition of all privileges of foreign powers in China, such as extraterritoriality. The cancelling of the Twenty-One Demands. The return to China of the territory and rights of Shandong. Which Japan had taken from Germany during World War I. The Western Allies dominated the meeting and paid little heed to the Chinese representatives’ demands. Britain and France were primarily interested in punishing Germany. Although the United States promoted Woodrow Wilson. And the ideals of self-determination. At the conference, Wilson was unable to advance these ideals in the face of stubborn resistance by David Lloyd George. American advocacy of self-determination. At the League of Nations. Was attractive to Chinese intellectuals, but the failure of the United States to follow through was seen as a betrayal. Chinese diplomatic failure at the Paris Peace Conference. Became the incident that touched off the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement, and became known as the Shandong Problem. The Days of Protest. On the morning of May 4, 1919, student representatives from thirteen different local universities met in Beijing and drafted five resolutions. To oppose the granting of Shandong to the Japanese under former German concessions. To draw awareness of China’s precarious position to the masses in China. To recommend a large-scale gathering in Beijing. To promote the creation of a Beijing student union. To hold a demonstration that afternoon in protest to the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Protestors dissatisfied with the Treaty of Versailles for China. Tsinghua University students burn Japanese goods. On the afternoon of May 4 over 3,000 students of Peking University. And other schools marched from many points to gather in front of Tiananmen. They shouted such slogans as “Struggle for the sovereignty externally, get rid of the national traitors at home”, Do away with the’ Twenty-One Demands. “, and “Don’t sign the Versailles Treaty. They voiced their anger at the Allied betrayal of China, denounced the government’s spineless inability to protect Chinese interests, and called for a boycott of Japanese products. Demonstrators insisted on the resignation of three Chinese officials they accused of being collaborators with the Japanese. After burning the residence of one of these officials and beating his servants, student protesters were arrested, jailed, and severely beaten. The next day, students in Beijing as a whole went on strike and in the larger cities across China, students, patriotic merchants, and workers joined protests. The demonstrators skillfully appealed to the newspapers and sent representatives to carry the word across the country. From early June, workers and businessmen in Shanghai also went on strike as the center of the movement shifted from Beijing to Shanghai. Chancellors from thirteen universities arranged for the release student prisoners, and Peking University’s Cai Yuanpei resigned in protest. Newspapers, magazines, citizen societies, and chambers of commerce offered support for the students. In Shanghai, a general strike of merchants and workers nearly devastated the entire Chinese economy. Under intense public pressure, the Beiyang government released the arrested students and dismissed Cao Rulin. Chinese representatives in Paris refused to sign on the peace treaty: the May Fourth Movement won an initial victory which was primarily symbolic: Japan for the moment retained control of the Shandong Peninsula and the islands in the Pacific. Even the partial success of the movement exhibited the ability of China’s social classes across the country to successfully collaborate given proper motivation and leadership. Birth of Chinese Communism. For many years, the orthodox view in the People’s Republic of China was that after the demonstrations in 1919 and their suppression, the discussion became more and more political. People like Chen Duxiu. Shifted more to the Left and were among the leading founders of the 1921 Communist Party of China. Whilst other intellectuals, such as the Anarchist. Writer and agitator, Ba Jin. Also took part in the movement. Originally voluntarist or nihilist figures like Li Shicen. Made similar turns to the Left as the 1920s saw China become increasingly turbulent. According to this view. The May Fourth Movement was a thoroughly anti- imperialist. And anti-feudal revolutionary movement. Young students acted as its pioneers. The Chinese working class went up on the political stage, and functioned as the main force in the later period of the movement. And other intellectuals directed and promoted the development of the movement, and played leading roles in it. On the local level, future Communist Party leader Mao Zedong. Rallied opposition against Hunan’s warlord. The May Fourth Movement covered more than 20 provinces and over 100 cities of the country. It had a broader popular foundation than the Revolution of 1911. Its great contribution lay in arousing the people’s consciousness and preparing for the unity of the revolutionary forces. The May Fourth Movement promoted the spreading of Marxism. In China, and prepared the ideological foundation for the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party. Pointed out the direction for the Chinese revolution. The May Fourth Movement, which took place after the October Socialist Revolution, was a part of the world’s Proletarian. The May Fourth Movement served as an intellectual turning point in China; it was a seminal event that radicalized Chinese intellectual thought. Western-style liberal democracy had previously had a degree of traction amongst Chinese intellectuals, but after the Versailles Treaty. (which was viewed as a betrayal of China’s interests), lost much of its attractiveness. Despite being rooted in moralism. Were also seen as Western-centric and hypocritical. Many in the Chinese intellectual community believed that the United States had done little to convince the imperialist powers (especially Britain, France, and Japan) to adhere to the Fourteen Points, and observed that the United States itself had declined to join the League of Nations. As a result they turned away from the Western liberal democratic model. Marxism began to take hold in Chinese intellectual thought, particularly among those already on the Left. It was during this time that communism was studied seriously by some Chinese intellectuals such as Chen Duxiu. Have speculated that Chinese history might have taken a different course at this time had the United States taken a stronger position on Woodrow Wilson. The United States was not a major imperialist. Power and was in a relatively strong position to take an anti-imperialist stance; however, it did not do so. As a result, China turned its attention to utilizing other political tools that could potentially resolve many of the nation’s issues. These tools subsumed the concepts of Marxism. Scholars rank the New Culture and May Fourth Movements as significant turning points, along with the abolition of the civil service system in 1905 and the overthrow of the monarchy in 1911. Participants at the time, such as Hu Shi. Referred to this era as the Chinese Renaissance. Because there was an intense focus on science and experimentation. The challenge to traditional Chinese values, however, was also met with strong opposition, especially from the Kuomintang. From their perspective, the movement destroyed the positive elements of Chinese tradition and placed a heavy emphasis on direct political actions and radical attitudes, characteristics of the emerging Chinese Communist Party. On the other hand, the Communist Party viewed the movement more favorably, although remaining suspicious of the early phase which emphasized the role of enlightened intellectuals, not revolution. In its broader sense, the May Fourth Movement led to the establishment of radical intellectuals who went on to mobilize peasants and workers into the Communist party and gain the organizational strength that would solidify the success of the Communist Revolution. Although the Movement was highly influential, many of the intellectuals at the time opposed the anti-traditional message and many political figures ignored it. As a nationalist and Confucianist was against the iconoclasm of the May Fourth Movement. As an anti-imperialist, he was skeptical of western ideas and literature. Criticized these May Fourth intellectuals for corrupting morals of youth. Party came to power under Chiang’s rule, it carried out the opposite agenda. The New Life Movement. Promoted Confucianism and the Kuomintang purged China’s education system of western ideas, introducing Confucianism into the curriculum. Textbooks, exams, degrees and educational instructors were all controlled by the state, as were all universities. Some conservative philosophers and intellectuals opposed any change, but many more accepted or welcomed the challenge from the West but wanted to base new systems on Chinese values, not imported ones. These figures included Liang Shuming. And Lu Xun’s brother, Zhou Zuoren. In later years, others developed critiques, including figures as diverse as Lin Yutang. Generally refused to follow the May Fourth Movement. Although the May Fourth Movement did find partial success at removing Chinese. Traditional culture, there were still proponents who steadfastly argued that China’s traditions and values should be the fundamental foundation of the nation. From these opponents of Western civilization. Derived three neotraditional schools of thought: national essence, national character, and modern relevance of Confucianism. Each school of thought denounced the western values of individualism, materialism and utilitarianism as adequate avenues for the development of China. Each school possessed specific objectives. The “national essence” school sought to discover aspects of traditional culture that could potentially serve the national development of China. Such traditional aspects consisted of various philosophical and religious practices that emerged parallel with Confucianism. Most particularly, China imported Buddhism. A religion from their neighboring country of India. Under the national character school, advocates promoted the traditional family system, the primary target of the May Fourth Movement. In this school, reformers viewed their Western counterparts as shells without morals. Finally, the modern relevance of Confucianism revolved around this notion that Confucian values were better than Western ones. Due to the fact that western culture primarily concentrated their efforts on rational analysis, Chinas neotraditionalist disputed that the concept was misguided especially in the realistic, altering milieu of the world. Most importantly, these three neo-traditionalist thoughts gave no consideration to the individual, which was the main theme of the May Fourth Movement. The item “RARE 1919 CHINA $1000 GOLD LIBERTY BOND w PAGODA/ALL COUPS! RARE BLUE ALSO AVAIL” is in sale since Monday, October 07, 2013. This item is in the category “Coins & Paper Money\Stocks & Bonds, Scripophily\World\Asia”. The seller is “collect-a-thon” and is located in New York, New York. This item can be shipped worldwide.